References
1. Ellen G. White,
Child Guidance(Nashville, Tenn.:Southern Publishing Association, 1954), pp. 244, 245, 246.
2. Edwin R. Thiele,
The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings:A Reconstruction of the Chronology of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, rev. ed.(Grand Rapids, Mich.:Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1965).
3. Edwin R. Thiele,
Outline Studies in Revelation(Angwin, Calif. The author, n. d.), p. 162.
4. Josephus,
War, 7.3;Loeb 3:504, 505. See also note 7 on page 47, and discussion on pages 24~26.
5. See, for example, Barnabas,
Epistle, 16;ANF 1:147;Justin,
First Apology, 47–49:ANF 1:178, 179; John Chrysostom,
Discourses Against Judaizing Christians, 5;The Fathers of the Church 68:97~ 145.
6. Edward Gibbon,
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, chap. 36.
7. Procopius,
History of the Wars, 3.5.23~25;Loeb 2:53~55.
10. Procopius, Wars, 3.7.23~25;Loeb 2:71.
11. C.D.Gordon,
The Age of Attila:Fifth-Century Byzantium and the Barbarians(Ann Arbor:The University of Michigan Press, 1960), p. ix.
12. R. L. Odom,
“The Sabbath in the Great Schism of A.D. 1054,” Andrews University Seminary Studies 1(1963):74~80.
13. Winton U. Solberg,
Redeem the Time(Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press, 1977), p. 45.
14. See Le Roy Edwin Froom,
The Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers, 4 vols. Washington, D.C.:Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1946~1954), 2:273~275, 542, 547, 548, 666.
15. See Sir Boris Uvarov,
Grasshoppers and Locusts:A Handbook of General Acridology(Cambridge, England:Cambridge University Press, 1966).
16. See Froom,
Prophetic Faith 2:343, 573, 574, 686;3:147 ~149.
17.
The source of classic Moslem beliefs is the Koran, which is available in convenient translations in the Penguin Classics and in Everyman's Library. See especially chapters(suras) on
“Women,” “The Table,” “Battle Array,” “Counsel,” “Iron,” “That Which Is Coming,” “Paradise Joys,” etc.
18. The Koran, Penguin ed., p. 367.
19.
Ibid., pp. 104, 105.
20.
Ibid., pp. 196, 107, 108. Compare William H. McNeill,
The Rise of the West(Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1963), pp. 424, 499, 512~514.
“Jewish or Christian subjects, **as ‘People of the Book’ were allowed to retain their own religion, customs, and institutions as long as they paid tribute.” In fact, Jews often preferred Moslem to Catholic(or
“Frank”) rule as providing greater freedom.
21. Bernard Lewis,
Islam in History:Ideas, Men and Events in the Middle East(LaSalle, III.:Open Court Publishing Co., 1973), pp. 138~157. 22. The Koran, Penguin ed., p. 366.
23. Laura Veccia Vaglieri,
“The Patriarchal and Umayyad Caliphates,” in
The Cambridge History of Islam, ed. P. M. Holt, Ann K.S.Lambton, and Bernard Lewis, 2 vols.(Cambridge, England:Cambridge University Press, 1970), 1:86.
24. McNeill,
Rise of the West, pp. 443, 444.
25. Vaglieri,
“Caliphates,” pp. 95, 96.
26.
Ibid, pp. 93, 94.
27. See, e.g.,
The World Book Encyclopedia(1973), art.
“Greek Fire.” 28. C.W.Previte-Orton,
The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History, 2 vole.(Cambridge, England:Cambridge University Press, 1953), 1:252.
29. Previte-Orton,
Shorter Medieval History, 1: 278~281.
30. Halil Inalcik,
“The Heyday and Decline of the Ottoman Empire,” in
History of Islam, ed. Holt et al, 1:325.
31.
Ibid, p. 329.
32. Kenneth Oster,
Islam Reconsidered, An Exposition-University Book(Hicksville, N.Y.:Exposition Press, 1979), p. 72.
33. thomas M. Lindsay,
A History of the Reformation, 2 vols., 2d ed.(Edinburgh:T.& T. Clark, 1907), 1:387.
34. Royall Tyler,
the Emperor Charles the Fifth(Fair Lawn, N. J.:Essential Books, 1956), pp. 268~285; William Stirling,
the Cloister Life of the Emperor Charles the Fifth, 2d London ed.(Boston:Crosby, Nichols & Company, 1853), pp. 238, 246, 247.
35. Uriel Heyd,
“The Later Ottoman Empire in Rumelia and Anatolia,” in
History of Islam, ed. Holt et al, 1:354.
36. See William G. Johnsson,
“Killing for God's Sake,” Liberty, May-June 1983, pp. 2~5. God does require murderers to be executed(Genesis 9:6;Romans 13:4, 5), but some observations in the article are very sound.
37. James C. Dobson,
Straight Talk to Men and Their Wives(Waco, Tex.:Word Books, Publisher, 1980), p. 49.
38.
Ibid., pp. 52, 53.
39. See, e.g., F. Blass and A. Debrunner,
A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, trans. Robert W.Funk(Chicago:The University of Chicago Press, 1961), section 442(9).
40. This answer in based on various sources including Robert Darnell, letter to the author, March 22, 1982; Gibbon,
Decline and Fall, chs. 67, 68;Heyd,
“The Later Ottoman Empire,” pp. 354–369;James Westfall Thompson and Edgar Nathaniel Johnson,
An Introduction to Medieval Europe, 300-1500(New York:W. W. Norton & Company, 1937), pp. 942–948;Previte-Orton,
Shorter Medieval History, 2:1010, 1011;and news reports and comments in
Signs of the Times, August 1, 1840, to February 1, 1841.
41. Thompson and Johnson,
Medieval Europe, pp. 943, 944.
42. Heyd,
“The Later Ottoman Empire,” p.365.
43. Gibbon,
Decline and Fall, ch. 67.
44. Quoted in
Signs of the Times, January 1, 1841, p. 152.