Literally, “he expelled [her, that is, Judah] with his vehement breath,” or “he expelled his stern breath.” The meaning is not altogether clear. The east wind was a hot, dry, suffocating wind, blowing in from the desert, a fit symbol of death and destruction (Gen. 41:6; Job. 27:21; Ps. 48:7; Jer. 18:17; Hosea 13:15). Figuratively, this wind represents judgments God permits to come upon His people. The “east wind” is said to be the “breath” of God. Punishment appeared to come from natural causes, though in reality it was ordained, or permitted, by God.

 Or, possibly, “a double measure.” The “measure” is the se’ah (see Vol. I, pp. 166, 167). For the context, see on v. 7. Our heavenly Father carefully metes out to His children only so much as may be for their own good, and no more. His purpose is not to harm but to heal (see Jer. 10:24). Divine judgments upon God’s people are tempered with forbearance and mercy.

 Literally, the clause reads, “by sending her away thou dost contend with her.” Isaiah’s exact meaning is not certain. He may allude to the forthcoming Babylonian captivity, which was a remedial punishment (see Isa. 48:10; Jer. 30:11-17; Hosea 2:6-23; Micah 4:10-12).